Arno Rafael Minkkinen



Minkkinen is known for his black and white abstract pieces which juxtapose bodies and landscapes in surprising ways.
Minkkinen was born in Helsinki, Finland in 1945. After his family moved to the United States, Minkkinen graduated from Wagner College in 1967 with a Bachelor of Arts in English Literature, and from Rhode Island School of Design where he studied with Harry Callahan and Aaron Siskind with a Master of Fine Arts in Photography. After teaching for a few years at M.I.T. Minkkinen is now a Full Professor at the University of Massachusetts Lowell in the Art Department, where he, together with Timo Laaksonen, founded the cultural exchange, Spirit Level Workshops in 1996. Together with Laaksonen and Mark Eshbaugh, Spirit Level II (2003) and III (2007) resulted in the publication of a book commemorating the experiences to date. Minkkinen's work is included in over 55 major museum/institutional collections including the Helsinki Museum of Photography, and the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.








































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